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Compact electric vehicle charging infrastructure for two-wheelers: From grid system to grid freeAuthor: Deeksha Devendra Date: 2022-08-30 Report no: IIIT/TH/2022/120 Advisor:Aftab M Hussain AbstractTwo-wheeler electric vehicles have proliferated in India in large numbers. In India alone in 2021 approximately 1,44,000 two wheeler EVs were sold whereas there were only 447 charging infrastructure establishment for two-wheeler EVs. This number of sales of twowheeler EVs is expected to reach to 1 million by 2026. The number of charging infrastructure required to quench to such high charging needs is around 4,00,000. Well the statistics above sounds like a close ended problem statement. A simple solution is installing the required number of charging stations. The problem underlying in this solution is installing charging stations in the middle of the city rather than on the highways, outskirts of a city etc as the most two-wheeler commuters are travelling from one place to another around the middle of the city. The issue now stands it is very hard to find a huge spaces of land in the middle of the city. Moreover the cities designed ages ago were not built with any concept of charging infrastructure. Hence there is a need of compact charging infrastructure for two-wheelers in the middle of the city. An Electric Vehicle (EV) charger, also called Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) is an infrastructure element that supplies electrical energy for recharging EVs. The thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of two-wheeler (escooter) electric vehicle charging equipment. Considering the future scenario of mass privatization of EV two-wheelers on Indian roads, the outline discusses the product design based on fabricability, affordability, and ability to mass manufacture. The proposed architecture follows the Level 2 charging standards (240 Volts), and is based on the open charge point protocol (OCPP). The suggested EVCS is constructed considering the safety prerequisites of system administrators, installers, consumers, government agencies and others. The design of EVCS links to three industries: equipment manufacturers, software industry and electric power networks. This paper presents design considerations by elaborating the hardware, software, and protocols followed to design the Level 2 charging standard EVCS. A smart city is a collection of a variety of smart devices representing several disparate infrastructural verticals. The data gathered by these smart devices helps bring a strong integration of human, collective, and artificial intelligence within the city operation. With the advent and proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charge point is a relatively new addition to this plethora of smart devices. We believe that the EV charge point can acquire enhanced functionality if it can be seamlessly integrated with the rest of the smart city infrastructure. For example, charging services can be stopped if smart grid or smart fire alarms sense an electrical overload or fire hazard in the vicinity. However, the interaction of an EV charge point with the smart city infrastructure requires seamless information exchange across various verticals. This horizontal flow of information is enabled by making the charge point complaint with the oneM2M platform. To this end, we present the design and fabrication of an EV charge point based on the OCPP communication standard and complaint with the oneM2M platform. Further, we discuss various use cases showing an increased functional capability of the EV charger due to access to data from other IoT devices. The interaction of charging equipment with the IoT devices of the city will help us understand if there is any overloading issues in the building and not an appropriate place to install chargers.This inspired us to build a charging infrastructure which is grid free. This can be installed at any place in buildings with overloading issues, in remote places, villages with issue of constant power etc. Full thesis: pdf Centre for VLSI and Embeded Systems Technology |
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