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EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY-USE BY USING ENERGY SIMULATION AND DOWNSCALED HOURLY FUTURE WEATHER DATAAuthor: Naga VenkataSai Kumar Manapragada Date: 2020-04-16 Report no: IIIT/TH/2020/43 Advisor:Vishal Garg AbstractClimate change calls for a unanimous global initiative, and all nations have been requested to reduce their growing greenhouse gas emissions to tackle this issue. In the United Nations’ 21st Conference on Climate Change, India has pledged to reduce its emission intensity by 33-35% of its 2005 level by 2030. Several studies predicted that coal-based electricity generation in India could double by 2040. At present, the residential building sector alone accounts for 24% of total electricity consumption in India, representing second-highest compounded annual growth rate of 7.58% after the Industrial sector. The Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) in India predicted that the electricity consumption growth rate in residences would further increase in the future, with increasing residential built-stock and growth in ownership of cooling appliances. However, the growth rate in consumption may not necessarily be linear with increasing residential built-stock and cooling appliances ownership per unit household. Climate Change impact studies conducted on residential buildings in cold and tropical climates mostly infer that cooling energy consumption would rise with the predicted change in the climate. This study aims to assess the potential impact of climate change on Indian residential building energy consumption in five climatic zones, using a transient building energy simulation approach. Future typical weather files are generated for the year 2050 for these climatic zones, using Climate Change World Weather File Generator developed by University of Southampton. The present conventional (PC) and present energy-efficient (PE) building cases are modelled to identify their energy performance for present and future weather conditions. Further, the study includes cases with future energy conservation measures for PC building – Present Conventional Buildings with Future Energy-efficiency retrofit Measures (PCFM) and PE building – Present Energy-efficient Buildings with Future Energy-efficient retrofit Measures (PEFM) in the scope. The PCFM and PEFM cases are simulated only for future climate to estimate energy savings through future energy conservation measures. A future energy-efficient (FE) building case is also modelled and simulated with features involving high insulated envelope and future energy-efficient appliances. Various global studies on residential energy and the impact of climate change have focused on measures for new buildings, and on revision of insulation code. These studies focus on insulation levels for building envelope and retrofit measures for cooling system towards energy conservation. This work contributes by incorporating future retrofit technologies such as electrochromic windows with solar PV glass, and simple home automation strategies for coupling ceiling fans with air conditioning systems for future energy conservation. The variable loads like ceilings fans and geysers are modelled and simulated through Energy Management System scripting in EnergyPlus. The Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system is also modelled and simulated as part of future energy conservation retrofit measures Based on energy simulations, it is observed that the present-day built residential buildings energy performance would be influenced by climate change. The global warming would increase the cooling energy consumption of present-day residential buildings leading to increase in total energy consumption. The consumption rate can be reduced to the levels less than the current energy consumption by deploying future energy efficient retrofit strategies for present-day buildings. The present-day energy efficient buildings can reduce their consumption by half in future whereas conventional buildings with low-thermal envelope and energy in-efficient appliances could reduce by more than half by retrofitting in the future. The facades of high-rise buildings are widely exposed to solar radiation leading to large solar ingress. However, the BIPV system deployment would not only reduce the heat ingress from the envelope but also convert some part of the solar radiation into electricity. Full thesis: pdf Centre for IT in Building Science |
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