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Design of Micro-heaters Inspired by Space-Filling Fractal curvesAuthor: KARNATI KUMAR SAI CHARAN Date: 2020-08-14 Report no: IIIT/TH/2020/84 Advisor:Aftab M Hussain AbstractThis work presents the idea of using a space-filling fractal curve as the heating element in micro heaters. Since the heating element of a micro-heater is based on metal coils, that will be the costliest component of a micro-heater. However, if we try to increase the spacing between the metal coil, that leads to hotspots and non-uniform distribution. Hence, a cost-effective heater should have an excellent uniform temperature distribution while having minimum metal consumption. Further, non-uniform temperature distribution will give rise to the non-uniform temperature gradient between the environment and body. The geometry of the Heater plays a crucial role in its average temperature (Tµ) and uniformity. This work talks about multiple types and orders of space filling fractal curves as the geometry for heaters, modelled and simulated all of them as heaters and showed that they are on par with the typical double-spiral heat-pad in terms of several criteria like average temperature and temperature uniformity while being cost-effective due to optimal distribution of metal. This work presents modelling of modified Hilbert, Moore and Peano fractal curves as micro-heaters. In order to make a fair comparison among the heaters, a constant power of 1 W was supplied to all the heaters, also the heaters were confined to a fixed area of 30 mm x 30 mm. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results showed that heating elements based on the geometries of Peano order 3 curve, Hilbert & Moore order 4 curves outperformed double-spiral heating element in terms of temperature uniformity with less metal consumption (cost effective), also all the geometries are modelled with same material, thickness and width. Heaters based on Peano order 3, Hilbert & Moore order 4 curves, showed a non-uniform temperature distribution (𝜎/𝜇) of 2.2%, 4.4% and 4.3% respectively whereas double spiral had a non-uniformity of 5.8%. However, the average temperature (Tµ) was lower by 10 K for Hilbert and Moore order 4 and 50 K for Peano order 3. Further, heaters one fractal order lower than these, i.e., Peano order 2, Hilbert & Moore order 3, have given the average temperature (Tµ) close to double spiral heater while consuming only half the metal that a double spiral takes, thus promising significant reduction in metal consumption. Peano order 2, Hilbert and Moore order 3, showed a a non-uniform temperature distribution of 7.24%, 11.7% and 11.6% respectively, which makes them slightly more non-uniform than the double-spiral Heater. With many fractal patterns to choose from, space-filling fractal curves can provide very good performance while being cost effective as the heating elements in a micro heater. Full thesis: pdf Centre for VLSI and Embeded Systems Technology |
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